After putting the coffee into the machine to rub the skin to remove the skin, the beans are taken out to dry and roast, accounting for about 30-35% of the volume, 65-70% of the remaining part is the fruit skin (including the thin inner shell). outer layer, fruit flesh layer, viscosity, husk and silk shell). This is a very large source of raw materials that can be used to produce high quality microbial organic fertilizer; Gardeners can do it themselves, it’s convenient and cheap.
The source of raw materials is good and very large
Table of Contents
According to the fertilizer manufacturer, coffee husks are a very good source of raw materials for processing high-quality microbial organic fertilizer because the nutrients in one kilogram of coffee husks are equivalent to three kilograms of good manure.
A more detailed explanation, the micro-organic fertilizer processing business said: Because the ripe coffee fruit pulp contains a lot of sugar (squirrels, civet cats, elephants… love to eat it), the fresh coffee peel (and even when dry) is very nutritious, but will also be an environment for fruit flies and mold to grow.
Agricultural extension agencies of provinces and districts where coffee is grown have announced: Currently, gardeners use raw coffee fruit peels that are not composted to fertilize coffee roots, with a thick layer that can cover weeds, keep moisture, But the amount of nutrients the plant absorbs is very little, the soil porosity improves but it takes many years. The worrying thing about using dried coffee peels to fertilize the garden is that it is easy to generate some harmful microorganisms such as fungi that cause rust disease, crab eye spot disease, pink fungus… which are very difficult to treat and can kill the tree. In many cases, collecting coffee husks and burning them for ash is very wasteful.
It is necessary to encourage gardeners to compost coffee husks to make high-quality fertilizer, which is both clean for the village and good for the fields. That is the assertion of agricultural extension in coffee growing provinces. A program to transfer techniques for composting natural materials, agricultural by-products, and household waste into organic fertilizer, giving priority to poor people in remote areas has been and is being implemented.
According to Mr. Bui Van Hung, owner of a coffee garden in Lam Ha (Lam Dong): Coffee ripens at the same time, wherever it is picked, it is dried there. When the garden has picked all the fruit, grind it to get the seeds and remove the skins once. Coffee grounds (shells) are poured out from piled up coffee grinders right after harvest time. Coffee gardens often have spacious areas where it is easy to process fertilizer from coffee grounds. On the other hand, taking care of high-quality coffee gardens requires fertilizer, especially organic fertilizer, so most gardeners want to compost their own compost from coffee peels to fertilize their garden.
Mr. Hung shared: In the coffee area, gardeners from many localities across the country, some elderly people know how to compost organic fertilizer from post-harvest banana stems, water hyacinths, green manure plants, and manure. cattle, ashes and rice husks in the style of building a pile and plastering it with mud. Composting coffee husks to make microbial organic fertilizer according to the new method requires adding many types of chemical fertilizers and also adding yeast, hoping to have the superiority explained by science. On behalf of the gardeners, Mr. Hung made a request: It is best for scientists to only help with the dosage of materials and methods so that people can apply them.
Annealing method
According to Dr. Nguyen Dang Nghia and compost soil experts, the important thing in composting coffee husks as organic fertilizer is to proactively make the coffee husks rot quickly, the product is free of fungi and diseases and meets the desired quality requirements. want. (photo; pile of coffee husks)
The quality of the finished microbial organic fertilizer will depend on the mixed materials such as cow manure, urea, phosphate, molasses or molasses and the composting method. No matter which method is applied, “organic composting yeast” is needed. Mixing materials will impact incubation time.
Coffee husks are mainly composed of cellulose, a durable compound that can last 2-3 years under natural conditions. To decompose completely and quickly, probiotics are needed (containing EM…); Trichoderma fungus, as an antagonist, will eliminate the presence of fungi harmful to plants.
To ensure fast decomposition speed and quality of finished organic fertilizer suitable for coffee, the composting formula recommends: Composting 1,000 kg of coffee husks requires mixing 50 kg of Van Dien phosphate, 0.5 kg of urea, 01 kg of molasses or cane sugar, 200-300kg of pig, cattle, chicken manure and 1 kg of composted probiotics (many brands on the market).
After choosing a flat yard or empty warehouse, mix all the ingredients well. While mixing, water the mixture to keep it moist to the extent that the water in the mixture does not flow out. Use a hoe or rake to drag the materials onto a bed or compost pile 1-1.5m high. Then use tarpaulin and green thread to create fish scale shapes in many layers to cover the compost pile to retain heat and steam.
The compost pile temperature reaches 30-50 degrees Celsius and the materials decompose very quickly. If the compost pile is very large, it is necessary to make a bamboo tube through the burning tube (tube hole) and drill holes around the bamboo tube placed in the center of the compost pile to regulate the temperature and add water every 10 days. Every twenty days after that, the canvas is opened, the bag is turned over, watered, and then covered again to increase microbial activity. The amount of irrigation water is too little or too much, affecting the composting moisture and the cellulose decomposition process.
With the raw material being coffee husks, the compost pile will completely decompose in the form of black powder within 75-90 days after composting and can be fertilized or dried and then bagged for gradual use.
How to fertilize coffee with microbial fertilizer
Apply microbial organic fertilizer with the above formula at 2-3 kg/tree and maintain each year for coffee gardens in the basic construction stage. For coffee gardens during the harvest stage, fertilize 4-6 kg/tree, maintain each year and increase by 1-2 kg/year when the tree grows and produces more fruit.
The time to fertilize depends on the farming regime. If the coffee garden has regular watering and the soil retains moisture, then apply fertilizer every 3 months. If you depend on rainwater, fertilize 2-3 times a year during the rainy season.
Microbial organic fertilizer composted according to the above method, in addition to nutritional quality, also has a high density of living microorganisms that help continue to decompose organic matter on the garden to retain water and fertilizer for plants. The soil is richer in nutrients and more porous due to microbial activity. Microbial organic fertilizer also helps prevent fungi that damage plants, especially phytothora fungi that cause yellow root rot.
