Farmers in Cam Lo and Quang Tri harvest pepper
Vietnam, Indonesia, India, Brazil, Malaysia and Sri Lanka are 5 countries accounting for more than 95% of production export pepper in the world, of which Vietnam accounts for 44% of total exports and is the top in the world export pepper seed. Country import pepper The largest is the United States accounting for about 24% of global export pepper; the second is Germany 10%; The next countries are the Netherlands, Singapore and the Arab bloc, each accounting for about 4-5% in 2010.
From production
Pepper has been grown in Vietnam for over 200 years but only expanded its area since 1990, especially after 1998 when prices pepper increasing rapidly with an average growth rate of pepper area of 11.7% / year and 6.2% / year for the next 10 years. By the end of 2010, the planted area pepper in Vietnam reached about 51,000 ha, of which the harvested area accounts for 80%.
Planting area pepper The largest is concentrated in the Southeast provinces, mainly in the three provinces of Binh Phuoc, Ba Ria-Vung Tau and Dong Nai. The second concentrated area is the Central Highlands, distributed mainly in 3 provinces of Dak Nong, Dak Lak and Gia Lai. These are areas with suitable soil and climate resources pepper, there is much potential to increase acreage and productivity.
Productivity pepper Vietnam is much higher than the world average, the average yield is about 2.2 tons / ha, many places reach 4-5 tons / ha, even higher, especially in some areas. in Gia Lai. Grain yield pepper has increased significantly since 1998, from 15,000 tons to now more than 110,000 tons, more than 1/3 of production pepper Global. Since 2002, Vietnam has become the leading country in terms of output and supplier pepper Largest in the world pepper market. Vietnam has 18 factories pepper processing clean, capacity of about 70,000 tons / year (2010), including 14 factories with fairly modern technology, handling pepper through steam, create clean products that meet US standards (ASTA), Europe (ESA), Japan (JSSA).
Vietnam's leading pepper productivity
In addition to the product black pepper clean processing White pepper (white pepper) more and more attention is paid to the increasing proportion of exports, in the last 3 years accounting for 17-19% of total output pepper exports of Vietnam. Since 2009, exports pepper Vietnamese skulls have risen to the top and contributed up to 50% of the volume White pepper world export. Pepper Vietnam has a high quality of flavor (aromatic, spicy), not inferior pepper of Indonesia and India. Pepper areas in Phu Quoc and North Central Coast have the advantage of climate pepper have firm grain and characteristic flavor.
Vietnam has an important advantage of low labor costs, hard labor and many creative ideas that have built low-cost but high-yield gardens, enabling pepper Vietnam holds the upper hand in the market even when prices fall.
To the market
The share of exports accounts for 95% of production pepper annually, bringing about USD 450 – 500 million / year of foreign currencies (compared to USD 100 million / year of 10 years ago). This is a combined result of increasing productivity plus the development of processing technology and grain products White pepper Currently accounts for 17-20% of total exports pepper now compared to 4% in the early 2000s.
Vietnam pepper has reached 80 countries and territories around the world. Import market pepper Vietnam's are quite diverse. Before 2000, Vietnam exported pepper mainly to Asian countries, especially Singapore. Until now, the Asian market is still developing, the European market has increased sharply, other markets such as the Americas, especially the United States (accounting for 15%) and African countries have increased significantly.
Price black pepper fluctuations from the 1970s to the early 1990s increased steadily. Since 1998 when the output pepper When prices start to rise sharply, prices fall again, and then increase again in 2004 with the bumper harvest in Vietnam. Recession contributes to price pepper decreased in 2009 but recovered 1 year later so far. Currently, prices of Vietnam are lower than some competitors such as Malaysia, India, Thailand.
Tree pepper Planted in 70 countries around the world with a total area of 476,514 hectares (IPC 2010). The area allocated is concentrated mainly in equatorial countries. India and Indonesia account for nearly 70% of the area pepper Global. Productivity pepper in the world, it is about 0.7 ton / ha and increase very slowly. Countries with very large areas such as India and Indonesia have the highest average annual yield of about 0.4 tons / ha. Thailand and Vietnam have a fairly high average yield of about 2.2 tons / ha but Thailand's pepper output is not large. Total world pepper production only increased an average of 0.6% / year in 10 years (2001-2010), in 2010 was 338.38 thousand tons.
Along with the growth of the industry pepper, Vietnam has gradually formed export companies pepper big. In nearly 200 enterprises purchasing, processing and exporting pepper (including 13 foreign enterprises), there are more than 70 enterprises participating in export processing. pepper Directly, of these, about 20 enterprises have an export capacity of over 10 million USD / year.
Besides the development of businesses, Vietnam has successfully built its brand pepper Chu Se (Gia Lai), which has since shifted from exporting cheap raw goods to standard quality products. Trademark pepper Chu Se with high quality products, has gained a reputation in the country and has been paid attention by many countries and regions. Currently, the Association pepper Vietnam (VPA) is continuing to promote its branding pepper for Ba Ria-Vung Tau, Phu Quoc and Loc Ninh (Binh Phuoc).
Need pepper Currently used not only in dishes, but also in pharmaceuticals. Seed oil pepper Also used in other fields such as cosmetics, perfumes, personal hygiene products, such as toothpaste, mouthwash …
Figures of the Commission Pepper International (IPC) shows that in the 10 years since 2001 consumption pepper The world increases about 3% every year. It is estimated that in the long term, the world will have a shortage of pepper supply of several tens of thousands of tons per year.
And comparative advantage of pepper Vietnam
In price situation pepper Maintain at a high level as in recent years, the competitiveness of pepper Vietnam is huge. This is evident when considering the domestic resource cost index (DRC) has decreased from 0.7 in 2004 to 0.4 in 2010, the coefficient is less than 1, indicating an increase in competitiveness. paintings of pepper Vietnam. Visible comparative advantage (RCA) of the item pepper Vietnam is much larger than other exporting countries pepper In the world. Based on data from the International Pepper Commission (IPC) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the coefficient of visible comparative advantage of the commodity is calculated. pepper Vietnam in 2010 was 84.6, 11 times more than RCA's pepper Brazil, India, Malaysia, 3.9 times more pepper Indonesia.
Despite being the dominant export industry, benefiting farmers, the Government has no protection policy. The norminal protection rate is NPR
The above analysis shows that the competitiveness of pepper Vietnam in the world market is very high, when Vietnam's trade market share is increasingly superior and price pepper The world is getting higher and higher. Types pepper Vietnam has pretty good quality like pepper Phu Quoc has the same quality pepper Indonesia and India, Chu Se pepper has the characteristics of high gloss, large seeds, typical aroma, high density, has a reputation in the world market, including difficult markets such as the EU and the US. The lake business business pepper has been able to export directly to raw material suppliers for spice processing plants in other countries.
However, production pepper This is mainly done by individual households, small-scale, poor disease control capabilities. Epidemics are threatening the industry's sustainable development pepper Vietnam. Competitiveness of purchasing, processing enterprises, export pepper The country is weak in capital, experience in international trade and risk management. The world economic crisis, especially in Europe and the US, can last long as the main export markets of pepper Vietnam. Industry businesses pepper Diversification of markets should be promoted to minimize export market risks.
Follow: Hai Son (Electronic newspaper Gia Lai
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