Coffee varieties of people participating in the Vnsat project were carefully selected. Image: Thung family.
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Choose carefully
Surveys in Gia Lai, Kon Tum, and Dak Lak provinces in the Central Highlands region are implementing the Sustainable Agricultural Transformation Project (VnSAT), in the coffee rejuvenation, farmers have very good awareness. on good breeding, quality assurance for coffee replanting.
If in the past, coffee growers in the Central Highlands had any variety to breed, there was no choice, even picking coffee in their nursery. Therefore, coffee gardens grow poorly, giving low productivity, long life expectancy, many pests …
Now, when embarking on coffee rejuvenation, selecting high quality seedlings is a top concern of farmers.
Mrs. Duong Thi Thanh Luong, Deputy Director of the Management Board of VnSAT Project in Kon Tum Province:
“The VnSAT project forces all coffee nursery facilities in the area to buy seeds from the WASI Institute with clear origin and origin; have a certificate, a bill, really.
VnSAT project, the contract with the Central Highlands Center for Testing Seed and Plant Products to check whether invoices, vouchers and soil samples of seedling production facilities is guaranteed. When the tree is elected to be checked.
The tree which is about to leave the garden is further inspected to see whether the seedlings have nematodes and how the quality is; Does the height and diameter of seedlings meet the standards? Seedlings that do not meet the above requirements will not be certified for outplanting. ”
According to Mr. Le Quoc Tuan, Deputy Director of the Management Board of VnSAT Project in Gia Lai province, coffee farmers in Gia Lai now have a very good awareness in selecting seedlings, especially for those who are doing so. coffee tree replanting.
Both new plantations to old coffee gardens now rejuvenating coffee trees have a careful choice in selecting varieties.
Depending on the level of intensification, people choose one of the coffee varieties with good pest and disease resistance, high yield and quality that the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development has approved the EaKmat Institute to introduce to farmers.
“Most of the old varieties people have removed already. When replanting coffee, most people choose varieties recommended by the functional branch.
The new breeds are all preeminent, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages.
For example, for high-yielding varieties, high intensive farming conditions are required, while lower-yielding varieties will result in softer conditions.
Depending on the financial capacity of the family, people choose to breed for replanting.
All coffee gardens inside and outside the VnSAT project are also applying the same selection method ”, Mr. Tuan said.
Good quality seed helps keep Nghi's family's coffee garden green. Image: Thung family.
In Kon Tum province, the selection of varieties in coffee rejuvenation is as thorough as Gia Lai.
Mr. Nguyen Van Nghi (53 years old) in Village 2, Ha Mon Commune (Dak Ha District, Kon Tum), who owns 2,400 coffee trees that have been replanted until now 20 months of age, talking about choosing the seed very passionately : “Currently, the functional industry introduces a lot of quality varieties, after comparing between varieties, people have selected TR1 and TR4 varieties for re-cultivation.
For example, TR9 gives bigger seeds, TR4 gives smaller seeds, but has a longer life than TR9 so people choose TR4. Or like my garden has 200 dwarf green coffee trees, although this variety produces many fruits but does not grow branches.
After the first harvest is completed, the yield is high, but the tree is bare, if not invested to take good care of the tree may die, so I decided to put TR4 into re-cultivation of his coffee garden, ”he said. Comfort analysis.
Mr. Nguyen Xuan Thu, Director of Nghia Loc Agriculture-Service Cooperative, Ea Nam Commune (Ea H'leo District, Dak Lak), was also very pleased with the selection of coffee tree replanting by its member households. Cooperative management.
“In the past, coffee farmers here were not much interested in selecting varieties, while seeds were a prerequisite to ensure the productivity and durability of the trees. Now the VnSAT project introduces many new varieties, each suitable to each type of land so farmers are spoiled for choice ”, Mr. Thu said.
Also according to Mr. Thu, through training of VNSAT, local farmers are very familiar with seedlings, they know how resistant varieties are, how drought resistant and fully grasp the nursery techniques. .
“Whichever variety they choose, they will go to the Seed Institute to buy it, so they will not worry about the quality and have a certificate of origin. Seeds are bought and incubated in warm water for about 24 hours, then put into bags and then spread out on the sand. When seeds germinate, they are picked for gourd cells, taken care of after 3 months, and planted, which is highly effective ”, Mr. Thu shared.
Strict management, ensuring quality coffee varieties for replanting
The careful selection of seedlings in the replanting of coffee farmers by the functional tree management is also very tight.
Seed quality is very important for coffee growers. Image: Dang Lam.
In Dak Lak province, the province has focused on building and upgrading 10 private coffee nurseries and investing in 2 other nurseries of the Provincial Agricultural Extension Center and Central Highlands Forest Science and Technology Institute (WASI). to produce seedlings for farmers.
“Every year, coffee seedling production facilities in the area can provide coffee replanting farmers with about 3 million seedlings. Because it is under control of the functional industry, the seed produced from the nursery is very quality assurance.
The VnSAT project in Dak Lak province introduces coffee farmers in the area, so use the varieties under the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development decision from TR1 to TR12. Currently farmers here are widely used 2 varieties TR1 and TR9, because these varieties give high yield, concentrated concentration, convenient for harvesting, have a high multiplication rate, ”said Mr. Nguyen Quoc Hoan, Deputy Director of the Management Board of VnSAT Project in Dak Lak province, said.
In Kon Tum, the locality has a small area of re-planted coffee in the VNSAT project, which is quite small, the area of sustainable replanting criteria by the end of 2020 is only about 500 hectares, but so far it has been implemented more. 300 ha, concentrated in the districts of Dak Ha, Dak Glei and Kon Plôn. And, the quality control of seedlings is also of special interest here.
VnSAT project introduces a lot of quality coffee varieties to Nghia Loc Cooperative. Image: Dang Lam
According to Ms. Duong Thi Thanh Luong, Deputy Director of the Management Board of VnSAT Project in Kon Tum Province, the current VnSAT Project has invested in these two private nurseries in Dak Ha district to produce quality seedlings of supply. for farmers, it is the Quy Ha nursery and the Minh Truong nursery.
The above two nurseries produce clear-seeded seedlings, the Project Management Board hired the Central Highlands Seed and Plant Product Testing Center to test the quality of seedlings before leaving the garden to ensure the variety Coffee out of the garden is always high quality.
“The nursery is available, VnSAT project supports upgrading items such as fence around the garden, catching automatic irrigation systems, nurseries need whatever the project supports to ensure production.
The criteria selected for upgrading VNSAT project is that the garden must have a scale of over 2,000 ha / each garden, so although in Kon Tum province there are many coffee nurseries, only 2 gardens are selected.
Coffee is a perennial tree, exploiting for a long time, so it is required that seedlings must be of good quality ”, Ms. Luong shared.
According to Ms. Luong, other nurseries in Kon Tum are not supported by VNSAT, but in the process of these facilities are also produced by the provincial authorities to regularly check the seed quality for replanting. the coffee.
Aims to provide good seed sources, meeting the standards for the replanting of 10,000 hectares of coffee as planned.
The VnSAT project has prioritized a portion of the capital to carry out certification activities, upgrading state nurseries, elite nurseries and 57 private nurseries.
By the end of 2019, VnSAT project has certified 54 private nurseries qualified to participate in the VnSAT project (Dak Lak: 16 gardens; Dak Nong 12 gardens; Lam Dong 11 gardens; Gia Lai 12 gardens and Kon Tum 3 gardens); Upgrading 9 state nurseries; 21 private nurseries with a total capacity of commercial seedlings for replanting annually reach 6 million seedlings / year, meeting the demand for replanting seedlings for more than 5,000ha / year.
At the same time, the VnSAT project will continue to upgrade 12 more private nurseries to increase the ability to supply seedlings for the annual replanting needs to 9 million seedlings / year, meeting the standard seed needs of project.
