While most other agricultural products saw a decline in selling price, pepper export in 2012 continued to win when turnover increased by nearly 10% and selling price increased by nearly 16%. However, our country's pepper industry is facing a continuous situation of declining harvest yields.
According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, the export volume of pepper in 2012 reached 118,000 tons with an export turnover of US $ 802 million, down 4.3% in volume but up 9.6% in value compared to 2011. Prices Average export of 11 months is USD 6,792 / ton, up 15.8% compared to the previous year. The largest import markets of Vietnam pepper are the United States accounting for 14.7% of the market, Germany accounting for 10.1% and the United Arab Emirates accounting for 8.48%.
Although it has just participated in export, Vietnam has for years maintained the number one position in the world, accounting for over 50% of the world's pepper trading volume. Up to now, Vietnamese pepper has gained market share in more than 80 countries and territories. Export of pepper to most markets saw positive growth, of which the strongest increase was Singapore with 105.68%, Kuwait with 78.67%, Canada with 76.9%, Australia with 71.5%, Italy. increase 67.17% …
Pepper is a rare commodity for agricultural exports that has increased in the current difficult economic situation. According to the Vietnam Pepper Association (VPA), normally the price fluctuation cycle of the world pepper is about 3-5 years, which means that every 2-3 years the price increases, there will be 2 years of price reduction.
But continuously for 6 years, the price of pepper sold by domestic farmers next year has always been higher than the previous year. Specifically, the average domestic pepper price in 2009 was VND 30,000 / kg, in 2010 it was VND 50,000 / kg, in 2011 it was VND 120,000 / kg and in 2012 was VND 130,000 / kg.
Mr. Do Ha Nam, VPA President said, now pepper growers did not sell when prices were too low, but kept waiting for prices to reach a unified level to sell. Many large pepper growing households have registered to buy news from the news agencies, equipped with the internet to understand daily market fluctuations.
Pepper accounts for only 2.5% of the total of nearly 2 million hectares of 5 industrial crops in our country, but accounts for over 8% of export value. The economic value of pepper is now about 6,800 USD / ha / year, 4 times higher than rubber; 8 times cashew; 2.6 times more than coffee; 6 times more than tea. Each hectare of pepper can yield VND200-250 million / year. In 2011 our country harvested 125 thousand tons of pepper, but in 2012 the output was only 115 thousand tons. At present, the pepper industry is developing the paradox that the area increased but the output decreased.
According to the Department of Crop Production (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development), the area of pepper is constantly increasing year by year: in 1995, the total area of pepper cultivation nationwide was only 7,000 hectares, in 2010 it reached 50,000 hectares, in 2011 reached 55,400 hectares and in 2012, it jumped to 57,500 hectares. While the national drainage planning only stops at 50 thousand hectares. Because pepper production is gaining super profits, farmers in many places defy recommendations to expand the acreage. More worrying is that the unknown pepper can lead to the spread of disease, causing great damage.
A recent survey by the Department of Crop Production, the average yield of pepper decreased to only 2.4 tons / ha compared to 2010 reaching 3-3.5 tons / ha. Dong Nai is the province with the largest growing area, increasing by 1,000 ha compared to 2011 but productivity decreased from 20.1 quintals / ha in 2011 to 14.6 quintals / ha in 2012.
In Ba Ria-Vung Tau, the average yield also decreased by 1.4 quintals / ha, to only 17.2 quintals / ha. Among the 6 major pepper growing provinces of Vietnam are Gia Lai, Dak Nong, Dak Lak, Binh Phuoc, Dong Nai, Ba Ria-Vung Tau, only Binh Phuoc has the pepper yield increased from 28.5 quintals / ha. to 30.7 quintals / ha.
According to the International Pepper Community (IPC), global pepper production is expected to reach 319,000 tons in 2013, down sharply from 327,000 tons in 2012. That is the driving force for the price of pepper will continue to increase.
Despite the rapid growth of turnover, pepper is still modest compared to coffee, rubber and rice, including cashew kernels. In order for the pepper industry to develop sustainably and reach an export turnover of US $ 1 billion in the coming years, VPA said that the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development needs to revise the planning and set the targets for pepper development in 5-10 years from now.
It is necessary to set up a specialized research institute to research, transfer and sell patent products on technologies applicable to pepper such as seeds, feces, plant protection drugs, machines and processing equipment technology. At the same time, it is necessary to strategically invest in infrastructure such as financial support 30-50% or even 100% of the value of facilities and equipment for cooperatives, or farmer's associations, growers and processors pepper.
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